15 décembre 2009
Display ban of tobacco products
Display bans are regulations that prohibit the visual display of tobacco products within
the point of sale. They are the most restrictive of all point-of-sale regulations, which
include limitations on height and visibility of displays, prohibition of self-service displays,
and restrictions on logos, banners, and window posters.
Whether display bans have an impact on tobacco consumption is an empirical question.
Also, the likely magnitude of that impact can only be estimated using empirical
techniques.
This is why this paper considers the case of Iceland, the only country in
Europe to have introduced display bans before 2009.
Iceland introduced display bans in August 2001.1 The Tobacco Control Act explicitly
mandated that products had to be placed in a manner that they were not visible to the
customer. Ireland and Thailand are the only two other countries to have introduced
nationwide display bans Ireland in 2009 and Thailand in 2005.
Most Canadian
provinces and two Australian states have also implemented point of sale display bans. 3
In Iceland, as in most western countries, smoking prevalence has been declining since at
least the mid 1980s. The percentage of individuals aged 15 to 79 years who smoked
declined from 33% in 1987 to 19% in 2007. Likewise, the percentage of individuals aged
15 to 24 years who smoked fell from 27% in 1989 to 18% in 2007.
Several factors may explain this negative trend. While the display ban may have been
responsible for part of the observed decline, it cannot explain the evolution of the
smoking rate prior to August 2001. In addition, the display ban was preceded by several
other tobacco control measures, such as an advertising ban on all media and the
introduction of mandatory health warnings in 1984, a ban on smoking in public areas in
1999 and brand sharing prohibition in 2000. Those interventions may also be responsible
for the observed reduction in the smoking prevalence after August 2001. Finally,
cigarette prices in Iceland have been continuously increasing since the mid 1980s, bothin absolute and relative terms. The increase in tobacco prices, driven primarily by tax increases, is likely to have a negative impact on smoking prevalence. A simple correlation analysis shows that the smoking rate variations are closely and inversely related to changes in cigarette prices.
06 novembre 2009
TOBACCO-CONTROL PROGRAMS
The use of evidence-based best practices for tobacco control has been widely promoted
and has succeeded in reducing tobacco use in the United States. Reducing tobacco use poses
special challenges because tobacco products are legal and easy to acquire, highly addictive, and
heavily promoted by the tobacco industry. About 50% of current everyday smokers attempt to
quit each year, but only 4–7% of those are successful. Creation of a tobacco-free culture thus
could be enhanced by development of an environment that encourages abstinence, denormalizes
tobacco use, and makes a variety of prevention and cessation services available.
Successful comprehensive tobacco-control programs with demonstrable, albeit
incomplete, effectiveness have been developed and implemented by numerous organizations,
including the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; state
governments, including those of California and Massachusetts; and commercial organizations.
The programs use a combination of educational, clinical, social, and regulatory strategies to
denormalize tobacco use. Comprehensive tobacco-control programs vary in target audience, size,
funding sources, and administrative oversight and governance, but they share several key
components that contribute to their success: the development and implementation of a strategic
plan, dynamic leadership, effective and enforceable policies, communication interventions,
adequate resources, appropriate therapeutic interventions (including those for special
populations), surveillance and evaluation of effectiveness, and management capacity to bring
about change in response to the evaluation. If implemented in constructive harmony, those key
components can provide DoD and VA with the capacity to develop and operate their own
tobacco-control programs.
Communication interventions can increase tobacco users’ awareness of the benefits and
means of tobacco cessation, educate potential users about the hazards posed by tobacco, and
change social norms and attitudes toward tobacco. Public-education campaigns can inform
consumers about cessation medications or other interventions, such as quitlines. Conversely, the
advertising of tobacco products, particularly aimed at young adults, can increase demand for
tobacco products.
Smoking restrictions are most effective when they apply to a variety of public and private
settings, when they ban tobacco use completely rather than partially, and when they are strictly
enforced. Many governments, businesses, education institutions, and health-care facilities have
adopted and enforce tobacco-free policies.
The tobacco retail environment encompasses the accessibility of tobacco products and the
promotion of tobacco products, both at the point of sale and through advertising. Increased
tobacco prices, restricted access to products, and decreased out-of-pocket costs for treatment all
reduce consumption. Increasing tobacco prices is one of the most effective mechanisms both to
prevent tobacco use and to fund tobacco-control efforts. However, as tobacco taxes and tobaccofree
regulations have increased, tobacco manufacturers have responded with the development
and promotion of new tobacco products, particularly varieties of smokeless tobacco. The
advertising of those products increases their consumption.
Studies show that the rate and duration of tobacco abstinence are increased when
cessation interventions are used, but only about 21% of smokers who attempted to quit for at
least 1 day in the preceding year used a cessation medication. Behavioral interventions shown to
have some consistent effectiveness include brief advice and assistance from a health-care
provider during routine health-care visits, multisession telephone counseling, and face-to-face
group and individual treatment. Those interventions are most effective when combined with
pharmacologic treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Combined
interventions can result in long-term abstinence rates of more than 30%. Effectiveness has a
dose-response relationship: multisession intensive interventions achieve significantly higher
abstinence rates than brief interventions. FDA-approved tobacco-cessation medications are
primarily nicotine-replacement therapies (such as nicotine gum or patch), bupropion, and
varenicline. The Public Health Service (PHS) clinical-practice guideline Treating Tobacco Use
and Dependence: 2008 Update provides an evidence base for tobacco-cessation treatments.
22 octobre 2009
Tips to Get rid of all nicotine
Attitude - A positive can-do attitude is important to both the conscious thinking mind and the primitive lizard brain, which is in control of the body’s fight or flight panic responses. Take pride in each hour of healing and each challenge overcome. Celebrate the full and complete victory each day of freedom and healing reflects. The next few minutes are all that matter and each is entirely do-able. Yes you can!
Patience - Years of satisfying low blood-serum nicotine levels conditioned us to be extremely impatient, at least when it came to our addiction. A deprived nicotine addict could inhale a puff of nicotine and have it arrive in the brain and release dopamine within 8 to 10 seconds, and oral nicotine users could feel it within minutes. Realize the importance of patience to successful recovery. Baby steps, just one hour, challenge and day at a time, and then celebrate. Keeping or Carrying Cigarettes, Dip or
Chew - Get rid of all nicotine delivery vehicles, including replacement nicotine products. Keeping a stash of nicotine makes as much sense as someone on suicide watch keeping a loaded gun handy just to prove they can. Why toy with failure or play mind-games with your ongoing healing and freedom? Build in some delay for those less than three minute crave episodes. Fully commit to going the distance and seeing what it is like to awaken to new expectations of a nicotine-free life.
24 septembre 2009
Anger as recovery phase after smoking
Anger is a normal and expected emotional recovery phase. It is also a means to
experience the flow of missing adrenaline, once part of our nicotine high. Sadly,
underlying anger anxieties can be used to intentionally fuel rage. I take no pride
in recalling that I could intentionally became so nasty, and create so much turmoil
among those I loved, that I could convince them that I needed my cigarettes back.
But there are fine distinctions between anger felt during the emotional recovery
stage and using anger as an adrenaline crutch or sick relapse ploy. The anger
phase of recovery is a period of healing where we begin to awaken to the
realization that it may be within our ability to pull this off and succeed. That just
maybe, our last puff, dip or chew, ever, is already behind us.
Durable nicotine use memories flowing from captive dopamine pathways elevated
that next fix to one of life’s top priorities. But emotional recovery has now
transported us from fear of quitting to fear of success. Is it any wonder that anger
would be the mind’s reaction? It is now being struck with the very real prospect
that a high priority relationship has come to an end. Is it at all surprising that
anger can foster resentment at leaving, and envy of those still using?
Knowing the root cause, now all the quitter needs is some excuse, any excuse, to
let it all out, to vent, to turn a molehill into a mountain. Conflicting motivations,
freedom or feed-em, risk of succeeding, fear of the unknown; just one spark, any
spark, and an overwhelmed and exaggerating mind stands primed to lash out.
While this high-energy phase of the emotional stage of goodbye is a normal step in
recovery, the educated quitter both recognizes its arrival and understands anger’s
roots.
Recognition is critical as it provides a protective seed of reason inside a
mind looking for a spark, a loaded mind in which intense exaggeration is poised to
abandon rational thought.
If allowed, that spark will activate the body’s fight or flight response, releasing a
cascade of more than one hundred chemicals and hormones.
But knowledge’s seed of reason knows that breaking nicotine’s grip upon our mind
and life is not a logical reason to fight, lash out, become enraged or flee. It knows
that an exaggerating mind is not an honest mind. It is a mind sick with tunnel
vision, which ignores all positives while focusing only on negative. It knows that
the spark is not the issue.
The issue is emotional recovery.
So how does a mind trained in recognizing and understanding recovery anger
prevent it from harming both us, and the world around us? The next Chapter on
subconscious recovery provides a number of techniques for navigating a crave
episode which may not peak for three minutes. In that anxiety underlies both crave episodes and anger episodes they’ll serve you well. Let me leave you with
one exercise in creating the patience needed to move beyond anger.
Mounting inner recovery frustrations have just encountered a spark. Have
patience, just one micro-second at a time. Recognize the anger building within.
Understand what’s happening and why. Realize that unless being physically
assaulted that only bad can come from unleashing our body’s fighting chemicals.
Anger is almost never a solution. It reflects primitive instincts that are out of
control. It brings strong potential to harm both us and innocent victims, leaving
emotional wounds that may never heal.
If possible, sit down. Slowly close your eyes while taking a deep breath. Focus
all concentration on your favorite color or object, or upon the sensations associated
with inhaling and exhaling that next breath. Feel the cool air entering and its
warmth while slowly exhaling. Baby steps, just one second at a time. Take
another slow deep breath while maintaining total inner focus. Feel the sense of
calm and inner peace as it begins to spread. Slowly open your eyes as you begin to
sense that your body’s fighting chemicals no longer flow. Hopefully it is now safe
to respond to the spark with logic, reason and calm.348
How long will the anger phase last? As long as allowed. Can in-depth
understanding of the emotional journey allow us to skip it altogether? Possibly
but we have no studies.
Clearly knowledge can provide the insights needed to
recognize transitions and hopefully react in healthy, non-destructive ways. It’s
what anger management is all about. Hopefully understanding and acceptance
will help accelerate emotional recovery. But if not, don’t be disturbed as each step
reflects deep and profound emotional healing.
Fears, cycling emotions, an addict’s relapse ploy or feeling a sense of loss,
recovery offers plenty of opportunities to encounter anger. We also need to
remember that normal everyday life can produce anger too, even in never-users.
At times, anger’s causes may overlap and get tangled. But even then, we have it
within us to fully control anger impulses, without harm to innocent bystanders or
us.
Once things calm, where does the mind turn next? What is anger’s solution? Why
not try to cut a deal to keep our cake while having eaten it too? But this isn’t
about cake. It’s about a highly addictive chemical with tremendous impact upon
our physical, subconscious, conscious and emotional well-being.
15 septembre 2009
Caffeine Use
Caffeine is a mild central nervous system stimulant found in coffee beans, tea leaves and
cocoa beans. The question during recovery is whether or not we can handle a doubling of
our normal daily caffeine intake without experiencing “caffeine jitters” or other
symptoms of over-stimulation?
Nicotine somehow doubles the rate by which the body depletes caffeine. What’s that
mean? It means that if we were drinking 2 cups of coffee while using nicotine, once
nicotine use ends the stimulant effect of those two cups of coffee might now feel like 4
cups.
According to a 1997 study, “continuous caffeine consumption with smoking cessation has
been associated with more than doubled caffeine plasma levels.
Such concentrations may
be sufficient to produce caffeine toxicity symptoms in smoking abstinence conditions.”
The study found “a significant linear increase in caffeine sputum levels across 3 weeks
post cessation,” and that “three weeks after cessation, concentrations reached 203% of
baseline for the caffeine user.”
25 août 2009
I can’t quit
I’ve made it no secret over the years that my favorite Joel Spitzer article is the one entitled, “I Can’t Quit or I Won’t Quit.” It’s about a lady who enrolled in one of Joel’s two-week clinics, which involved six, two-hour sessions. She advised Joel up front that, "I don't want to be called on during this clinic. I am quitting smoking, but I don't want to talk about it. Please don't call on me." Joel said, “Sure. I won't make you talk, but if you feel you would like to interject at anytime, please don't hesitate to.” She grew angry. "Maybe I am not making myself clear, I don't want to talk! If you make me talk I will get up and walk out of this room. If you look at me with an inquisitive look on your face, I am leaving! Am I making myself clear?"
Surprised by the force of her reaction, he said he’d honor her request. Although he still
hoped she’d change her mind and share her experiences with the group, Joel was no longer
expecting it.
With approximately 20 participants, it was a good group except for two women in back who
“gabbed constantly.” Others
were forced to turn around and
ask them to be quiet. The
women would stop for a few
seconds and then were right
back at it. Sometimes, when
other people were sharing sad,
personal experiences, they
would be laughing at some
humorous story they had shared
with each other, oblivious to
surrounding happenings, recalls
Joel.
On the third day of the clinic it
happened. The two ladies in the
back were talking away as usual
when a young lady asked if she
could speak to the group first because she had to leave. The two in the back continued their
private conversation as if she wasn’t there. The young woman said, "I can't stay, I had a
horrible tragedy in my family today, my brother was killed in an accident. I wasn't even
supposed to come tonight; I am supposed to be helping my family making funeral
arrangements. But I knew I had to stop by if I was going to continue to not smoke."
She’d remained nicotine-free for two days and not smoking was obviously important. Joel
recalls that the group “felt terrible, but were so proud of her, it made what happened in their
day seem so trivial. All except the two ladies in the back of the room. They actually heard
none of what was happening,” writes Joel. “When the young woman was telling how close
she and her brother were, the two gossips actually broke out laughing. They weren't
laughing at the story, they were laughing at something totally different not even aware of
what was being discussed in the room.” The young lady excused herself to return to her
family, said she’d keep in touch and thanked the group for their support.
A few minutes later Joel was relating a story to the group when all of a sudden the lady who
had requested anonymity interrupted him. "Excuse me Joel," she said loudly. "I wasn't
going to say anything this whole program. The first day I told Joel not to call on me. I told
him I would walk out if I had to talk. I told him I would leave if he tried to make me talk. I
didn't want to burden anyone else with my problems. But today I feel I cannot keep quiet
any longer. I must tell my story." The room went quiet.
12 août 2009
British American Tobacco
British American Tobacco (BAT) which dates to 1902 and sells more
than 300 brands worldwide. BAT’s international brands include Dunhill, Kent, Lucky
Strike, Pall Mall, Vogue, Rothmans, Peter Stuyvesant, Benson & Hedges, Winfield, John
Player, State Express 555, Kool and Viceroy. It does not own all these brands but is licensed
by other companies to distribute them. Here are a few BAT admissions.
November 1961 - Smoking “differs in important features from addiction to other
alkaloid drugs, but yet there are sufficient similarities to justify stating that smokers are
nicotine addicts.”
1967- “There has been significant progress in understanding why people smoke and the
opinion is hardening in medical circles that the pharmacological effects of nicotine play
an important part... It may be useful, therefore, to look at the tobacco industry as if for a
large part its business is the administration of nicotine (in the clinical sense).”
August 1979 - “We are searching explicitly for a socially acceptable addictive product.
The essential constituent is most likely to be nicotine or a direct substitute for it.”
April 1980 - “In a world of increased government intervention, B.A.T should learn to
look at itself as a drug company rather than as a tobacco company.”66
In light of the above tiny sampling of tobacco industry admissions, should there be any
doubt in our minds as to who was slave and who was master, who profited and who lost?
05 août 2009
Nicotine supply
The need to replenish one’s nicotine supply gets recorded in what may be the highest
definition memory the mind can produce. Our mind is essentially told, “Hey, pay attention
to this!”8 Continued nicotine use causes these extremely salient memories to quickly pile
up. They soon begin burying all remaining memory of life without it. We quickly “forget”
that it was ever possible to function without it.
Our rewarded and punished mind was left totally yet falsely convinced that nicotine use
was essential for survival, that it defines who we are, gives us our edge, helps us to cope,
and that life without it would be horrible or even meaningless.
Rewarded by dopamine
and punished by an endless need for more nicotine, we quickly grew to believe that we
cannot function comfortably without it.
Why can’t you starve yourself to death? Have you ever thought about it? Not only are we
rewarded with dopamine “aaah” sensations when we anticipate eating or actually do so, we
are punished with anxieties and hunger pains when we wait too long between feedings.
Yes, what goes up must come down.
As our body slowly metabolized and rid itself of the
nicotine we introduced via our method of delivery, we gradually experienced increasing
mood deterioration and escalating distress, punctuated by insula driven anxiety, depression
and anger. We each endured greater extremes in daily mood swings than non-users, and
the greater our dependency the more unstable our moods
17 juillet 2009
ESTIMATED IMPACT ON STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS
CBO estimates that
the costs of those mandates to state, local, and tribal governments would be small and
would not exceed the threshold established in UMRA ($69 million in 2009, adjusted
annually for inflation).
The bill would preempt state laws governing tobacco products that are different from or
in addition to the federal regulations authorized by the bill, including laws governing:
• Product standards,
• Premarket review,
• Adulteration,
• Misbranding,
• Labeling,
• Registration,
• Good manufacturing standards, or
• Modified-risk tobacco products.
That preemption would be an intergovernmental mandate as defined in UMRA.
However, because the preemption would simply limit the application of state and local
laws, CBO estimates that it would not impose significant costs on state or local
governments.
07 juillet 2009
Income tobacco effect
Findings on how demand for cigarettes changes as consumers’ income increases are inconsistent. The
estimated coefficient of the income variable in most studies of demand for cigarettes is significant and
positive, implying that cigarettes are “normal” goods and that increasing income would have a positive
effect on demand for cigarettes.
However, a number of studies (e.g., Wasserman et al., 1991, Keeler et
al., 1993, Yurekli and Zhang, 2000), particularly those using cross-sectional survey data also found
that income has either an insignificant effect or negative effect on demand for cigarettes. A metaanalysis
by Andrews and Franke (1991) who used results from 48 studies found that the weighted
mean income elasticity is 0.36, which is significantly greater than zero. They also found that the
income elasticity for cigarettes fell over time.
02 juillet 2009
Cigarette exports and imports
Turkey neither exported nor imported cigarettes until 1981 when the first cigarettes were exported,
with the first imports following in 1984. It became a net importer of cigarettes, with a trade deficit of
US$56 million in 1985, reaching a peak of US$289 million in 1990. Imports fell from 1991, reaching
a negligible level in 1999.
Cigarette exports, in contrast, started increasing after 1990, peaking at
84 Tobacco in Turkey
US$100 million in 1997. Consequently, in 1995, the trade deficit in cigarettes was reversed to a trade
surplus, with the country becoming a net cigarette exporter in 1999. The foreign exchange earning
from cigarette trade amounted to US$68 million in 1999
24 juin 2009
Campaign of deceptive marketing
A district court that finds a defendant civilly liable for
violating RICO has jurisdiction “to prevent and restrain
violations of RICO by issuing appropriate orders .” Congress limited relief under section 1964(a)
to forward-looking remedies aimed at preventing and restraining
future RICO violations.
Earlier in this litigation, we held that the statute
does not authorize disgorgement because it is “both aimed at and
measured by past conduct”: “[i]t is measured by the amount of
prior unlawful gains and is awarded without respect to whether
the defendant will act unlawfully in the future.”
Defendants argue that corrective statements are similarly
“focused on remedying the effects of past conduct,” id., because
they seek to correct Defendants’ campaign of deceptive
marketing.
09 juin 2009
Camel midnight
02 juin 2009
Legislation about tobacco advertising
Many countries have legislation banning tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship activities but do not enforce these laws consistently. Enforcement scores of 8 or higher (on a 0–10 scale) were reported by 30 of 58 countries with an expert assessment of enforcement for any form of direct advertising ban, and by 17 of 53 countries with an expert assessment of enforcement for any type of indirect promotional ban. Even when enforced, partial bans have limited impact, because tobacco companies simply reallocate spending to other marketing channels. If television advertising is banned, tobacco companies spend money on magazine and billboard advertising. If these forms of advertising are banned, the companies shift to event sponsorships, product discounts and giveaways.
Of the countries that provided data on direct marketing bans, two thirds ban tobacco advertising on local television. Although this is the most widespread of any restriction, one third of reporting countries still allow television advertisements – more than 40 years after they were first abolished by other countries.
Advertising in local magazines and on billboards has been prohibited in only slightly more than half of countries. Less than half of countries ban other advertising practices. Bans on advertising in tobacco retail outlets are in place in almost one third of countries. Internet advertising is rarely controlled; only 26 countries report prohibiting online advertising.
25 mai 2009
Rothmans Cigarettes
On one of the posters on display at Gatwick was the impressive image of a Rothman's logo embellishing the underbelly of a 
wide bodied jet. Pretty impressive stuff - but not as impressive as the embedded artwork in the bottom left hand corner. Regrettably it is obscured in the photograph on the right as the author's finger appeared in front of the lens. Fortunately, the same ad also appeared in flight magazines around the world. One of these ads is depicted in the illustration shown on the left. The inset image on the right is the figure of interest (actual size as in the magazine ad).
Geographers will note the distortion produced to the north east of England and the large 'chunk' bitten out of north Wales. This apparent reflection of the southern half of Britain on the body of the aircraft can also be perceived as Col. Saunders lookalike, with a faint but nevertheless notable, cigarette/phallic shape entering his mouth. Or it could be smoke being blown out. Take your pick. The 'chunk' missing from North Wales produces 'Colonel Saunders' eye. Whether what the Colonel is ingesting is intended to be perceived as an extremely large cigarette, a straw, a cigar or whatever, I will leave to the imagination of the viewer. Their judgement might, however, be biased by the other, sexually oriented, cigarette ads discussed on various other pages of the Subliminal World site
18 mai 2009
History Gitanes cigarette
The cigarette
Traditional Gauloises were short, wide, unfiltered and made with dark
tobaccos from Syria and Turkey which gave off a strong and distinctive
aroma. Some non-smokers likened this to burning tar or the smoke of
what King James I of England, in A Counterblast to Tobacco, called
"that pit which is bottomless".
Brand History
The brand name itself is interesting. In France, they say la langue
gauloise, mythologising the way in which the "Gauls" resisted Roman
hegemony — the more modern books and Paris theme park featuring
"Asterix the Gaul" continue the process. To name a brand as 'French' is
therefore to label it in a particularly iconic way, matching archetypes
of heroism and patriotism.
During its zenith between the World Wars,
the smoking of Gauloises in France was considered patriotic and an
affiliation with French "heartland" values. The brand was irrevocably
associated with the cigarette-smoking poilu (a slang term for the
French infantryman in the trenches) and the resistance fighters during
the Vichy occupation of France. During the wars, smoking was
characterised as "the soldier's breakfast" — a willingness to sacrifice
the ordinary comforts of daily life and to show solidarity with the
workers and soldiers in the war effort. The brand was also linked to
high-status and inspirational figure representing the worlds of art
(e.g. Pablo Picasso) and the intellectual elite (e.g. Jean Paul
Sartre). George Orwell also mentions that he smokes the brand in Down
and Out in Paris and London. This, together with the romantic
associations of France, makes Gauloises a popular brand among some
writers and artists.
The brand is also featured in the Roman Polanski
film The Tenant and the Robert De Niro and Jean Reno starrer Ronin,
where it is smoked by Jean Reno's character.Smoking Gauloises was also
promoted as a contribution to the national good: a proportion of the
profits from sale of Gauloises flowed to the Regie Francais Tabacs, a
semi-governmental corporation charged with both controlling the use of
tobacco, especially by minors, and directing its profits towards
socially beneficial causes. The designers of the traditional Gauloise
packet reinforced national identity by selecting a peculiarly French
shade of blue (like the blues used in the work of French artist Yves
Klein); this blue contains little compromise with other primary colors.
The legal environment
The cigarette was manufactured by Seita but 1999 proved to be a
landmark year. The legal difficulties crystalised when a French health
insurance fund filed a 51.33 million franc lawsuit against four
cigarette companies, including Seita, to cover the estimated and
continuing costs of treating the illnesses linked to cigarette smoking.
This was followed by an action filed by the family of a deceased heavy
smoker and the French state health insurer, Caisse Primaire d'Assurance
Maladie, claiming compensation for the cost of the deceased's medical
treatment and for producing a dangerous and addictive product.
Consequently, brand management was assigned to Altadis, with joint
French and Spanish ownership, and this company continues manufacture
and international distribution. This company is now facing legal action
in its own right.Following Ireland and New York State among others,
Spain has introduced a ban of smoking in nearly all public places,
which went into effect per January 1st, 2006. In Spain, smoking is
currently allowed only in special smoker's areas in bars. A similar
smoking ban in France, however, died in parliament in November 2005.
05 mai 2009
Longhorns Come to Marlboro Country Man
1967 Longhorns Come to Marlboro Country Man 100's Ad
The Longhorns come to Marlboro Country! The Longhorns. New Marlboro 100’s. Big gold pack. Big flavor, too! Extra long, so you can spend a little more time in Marlboro Country. NEW MARLBORO 100’S
1967 Longhorns Come to Marlboro Country Man 100's Ad - The Longhorns come to Marlboro Country! The Longhorns. New Marlboro 100’s. Big gold pack. Big flavor, too! Extra long, so you can spend a little more time in Marlboro Country. NEW MARLBORO 100’S
1967 Marlboro Country Double-Page Horses Ad
Come to where the flavor is.
1967 Marlboro Country Double-Page Horses Ad - Come to where the flavor is.
1967 Marlboro Country Man Cowboys Horse Ranch Ad
Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country. You get a lot to like with a Marlboro—filter, flavor, pack or box.
1967 Marlboro Country Man Cowboys Horse Ranch Ad - Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country. You get a lot to like with a Marlboro—filter, flavor, pack or box.
1967 Marlboro Country Man in Tack Room Ad
Famous Marlboro Red! And new extra-long Marlboro 100’s— The Longhorns! Either way, You get a lot to like. Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
1967 Marlboro Country Man in Tack Room Ad - Famous Marlboro Red! And new extra-long Marlboro 100’s— The Longhorns! Either way, You get a lot to like. Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
1967 Marlboro Country Men Smoking in Barn Ad
Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
1967 Marlboro Country Men Smoking in Barn Ad - Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
“Darn right it’s a filter. But don’t knock the flavor.” “Who’s knocking? I’ve smoked Camels for 12 years. Straight!” Regular or Filter Have a real smoke…have a Camel
1967 Longhorns Come to Marlboro Country Man 100's Ad
The Longhorns come to Marlboro Country! The Longhorns. New Marlboro 100’s. Big gold pack. Big flavor, too! Extra long, so you can spend a little more time in Marlboro Country. NEW MARLBORO 100’S
1967 Longhorns Come to Marlboro Country Man 100's Ad - The Longhorns come to Marlboro Country! The Longhorns. New Marlboro 100’s. Big gold pack. Big flavor, too! Extra long, so you can spend a little more time in Marlboro Country. NEW MARLBORO 100’S
1967 Marlboro Country Double-Page Horses Ad
Come to where the flavor is.
1967 Marlboro Country Double-Page Horses Ad - Come to where the flavor is.
1967 Marlboro Country Man Cowboys Horse Ranch Ad
Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country. You get a lot to like with a Marlboro—filter, flavor, pack or box.
1967 Marlboro Country Man Cowboys Horse Ranch Ad - Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country. You get a lot to like with a Marlboro—filter, flavor, pack or box.
1967 Marlboro Country Man in Tack Room Ad
Famous Marlboro Red! And new extra-long Marlboro 100’s— The Longhorns! Either way, You get a lot to like. Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
1967 Marlboro Country Man in Tack Room Ad - Famous Marlboro Red! And new extra-long Marlboro 100’s— The Longhorns! Either way, You get a lot to like. Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
1967 Marlboro Country Men Smoking in Barn Ad
Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
1967 Marlboro Country Men Smoking in Barn Ad - Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro Country.
30 avril 2009
Smoke in mythology and religion
In mythology and religion, smoke is full of meaning. Its floating
intangibility and unreal character have made it possible for
imaginative man to see therein mystery and magic. Even for us moderns,
smoke has a strong fascination. To the cigarette smoker, the clouds he
puffs out seem to represent a part of himself. Just as most people like
to watch their own breath on cold winter days, so they like to watch
cigarette smoke, which similarly makes one's breath visible.
This
explains the emotional attitudes of many toward smoke. "Smoke is
fascinating," said one of the people we interviewed. "I like to watch
the smoke. On a rainy day, I sort of lie in a haze in the middle of the
room and let my thoughts wander while I smoke and wonder where the
smoke goes." The desire to make things is deep-rooted -- and smoke is
manufactured by the smoker himself. Smoking provides satisfaction
because it is a playful, creative activity. This fact was well stated
by one cigarette devotee as follows: "It's a fascinating thing to watch
the smoke take shape. The smoke, like clouds, can form different
shapes.... You like to sit back and blow rings and then blow another
rings through the first ones. You are perfectly relaxed." "Got a
Match?" Some of the appeals of a lighted cigarette derive from the
appeals of fire in general. Fire is the symbol of life, and the idea of
fire is surrounded by much superstition. In this connection, it is
interesting to note that traces of superstition can be seen in the
smoking habits of modern man. For instance some people never will light
three cigarettes on one match. It is said that this superstition is
based on experiences during World War I. As three soldiers were
lighting up the third man was hit when the light of a match flared up
for the last time. Our custom of lighting another smoker's cigarette
for him may sometimes have an erotic significance, or it may serve as a
friendly gesture. Match and cigarette are contact points. Smoking
Memories Certain moments in our lives are closely linked with
cigarettes.
These situations often leave on people's memories an
important imprint never to be forgotten. Here is such an occasion,
described by an office clerk of twenty-one. "...I can remember the
moments when I returned home - no matter how late - after having been
out with a girl on a Saturday night. Before going to bed, I'd sit on
the fire escape for a while and enjoy a smoke. I'd turn around so that
I could see all the smoke going up. At the same time, the windows would
be bright with lights on the other side of the courtyard. I would watch
what the people were doing. I would sit, and watch, and think about
what my girl and I had talked about and what a nice time we had had
together.
Then I'd throw the cigarette away and go to bed. I feel these
were really the most contented moments in my life...." "I remember one
time we were in North Africa on a trip and it was evening," said one of
our respondents, a nurse about twenty=seven years of age. "During the
day, I had noticed there was a lovely spot to sit, across the way from
the hotel where we were staying. I went there at night, and sat looking
at the stars and the tall cypresses illuminated against the night sky.
I was far away in my thoughts. I was thinking of God and the beautiful
world he had made. The smoke from my cigarette rose slowly into the
sky. I was alone, and at the time I was a part of all the world around
me...."
23 avril 2009
Lucky Tobacco
16 avril 2009
Association between sex and Lucky Strike Cigarettes
Their use in semi-subliminal advertising indicates that theories and techniques developed by psychologists and others will now be applied regardless of whether their application it is ethical or note. The ad discussed above seems to be one of a long line of Lucky Strike Cigarettes ads that have incorporated semi-subliminal elements. Illustrated here are two ads shown in Stephen Bayley's book The Lucky Strike Cigarettes Packet by Raymond Loewy. One dates back to 1926, the other is more recent and is dated at 1980.
The 1926 ad seems to be pretty innocuous, as is the case with most of these ads. But one simply needs to look more carefully at the different elements of the pattern around the cigarette packet to see that quite a large portion of it is composed of letters. To the top left of the packet is a clear S to the mid right is a clear E. To the bottom left of the pack is an apparent collage of letters. On this reproduction it is not possible to detect a clear X but it seems, nevertheless, that this ad was trying to produce an association between sex and Lucky Strike Cigarettes.